international legion of territorial defense of ukraine pay. [28] Douglass, Address on the Twentieth Anniversary of Emancipation, April 16, 1883, in Douglass Papers, Vol. The only solid, and final solution of the problem before us, Douglass insisted, was also the only just solution: the most perfect civil and political equality such that black Americans shall enjoy all the rights, privileges and immunities enjoyed by any other members of the body politic.[37] In its primary meaning, Douglasss fair-play, non-exceptionalism principle entailed simple equality under law, irrespective of race or color, but in the decades following the war, he was most urgently concerned with equal protection for two rights in particular: voting rights and property rights. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. mount shasta missing persons; kevin russell facebook; what is secretary of state number ct; For example, This view ignores the conclusive evidence that This position is mistaken because, 3. Claims of fact make assertions that can be proven or disproven with evidence. [9] Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies (New York: Library of America, 1994), p. 286. Q&A Expert 3 851 answers 4.8 rating He acknowledges that some can debate him Explanation: Quick expert help Get an expert answer for 15 minutes Making a claim is just a fancy way of saying that you're stating your main point. Proponents of this skeptical view cite the persistence of racial segregation in neighborhoods and schools; the persistence of stark disparities between black and white Americans in various measures of social and economic well-being; and, most alarmingly, the deepening alienationthe nihilism, as Cornel West candidly named it[2]prevalent among many AfricanAmericans living in urban poverty. The one thing needful, then, was to elect an abolitionist governing majority at the federal level. The evidence is the facts, data, and quoted experts used to provide support for the reasoning. [7] At the heart of all that he learned and taught were these simple propositions: A formidable thinker as well as an activist and a polemicist, Frederick Douglass produced the most powerful argument for the affirmation of those principles in the history of AfricanAmerican political thought. What did Frederick Douglass oppose? A claim of value makes a judgement on something's worth, morality, or merit. This is called the counterclaim. [10] See, for example, Douglass, Speech at the Unveiling of the Freedmens Monument in Memory of Abraham Lincoln, April 14, 1876, in The Frederick Douglass Papers: Series One, Vol. For Douglass as for Abraham Lincoln, America was, after all, the last, best hope of Earth.[62]. But his Do nothing with us! rhetoric, oversimplified for emphasis, has been misunderstood by critics who read it literally as a denial of public obligation and a justification of public indifference toward the freedpeople. Speaking in mid-1863 on the question What shall be done with the Negro? he specified four altogether objectionable responses. An effective argumentative essay will bring up counterclaims for two reasons: An effective counterclaim will both disagree with and disprove a claim. The main purpose of a counterclaim is to address the opposite side of the argument and provide a rebuttal. This reassuring view is not, however, the prevailing opinion among postCivil Rights Era scholars and activists concerned with race relations. keep that person in prison for all of his or her natural life" (Spangenberg and Walsh 15). However a very courageous man, Frederick Douglass challenges those beliefs. The climactic reversal in his youth came when he resolved to resist, and successfully resisted, a cruel slavemasters attempt to whip him. work!!! Facebook Instagram. Which words helped you convey information precisely? First, it makes clear that Douglasss demand for nothing but fair play allowed for vigorous protective and remedial action by the federal government. The United States should ban capital punishment. Post comments: direct characterization of clarisse fahrenheit 451 direct characterization of clarisse fahrenheit 451 in Professional Writing and Rhetoric from the University of New Orleans and a B.A. II, p. 360. In the postwar decades, Douglasss initially bright hopes for rapid, lasting reforms faded as the nations governing majority, weary of conflict, flagged in its commitment to enforcing the civil and political rights of the freedpeople in the ex-rebel states. Log in here. As he renewed his labors for justice and progress for the freedpeople, Douglass had to confront a nettlesome question, lingering in the minds even of many anti-slavery whites, that had long obstructed the abolitionist cause. In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,did the mistress's initial kindness or her eventual cruelty have a greater effect on Frederick Douglass? He never had a pair of shoes, no matter how cold it got ,and had only a single thin shift to wear, summer and winter. [43] Douglass, Property in Soil and Property in Man, November 18, 1848, in Life and Writings, Vol. The reasoning is about the cost of the death penalty, while the evidence is about racial disparities in the implementation of the death penalty. After the hook, there is a transition statement (or statements) that connects the hook to the author's thesis. The broadest and bitterest of the black mans misfortunes is the fact that he is everywhere regarded and treated as an exception to the principles and maxims which apply to other men.[35], In its concrete applications, Douglasss principle of fair play meant first that the white majority must refrain from various courses of action whereby it might be tempted to evade rather than to resolve properly the problem of race relations. Douglasss mind was opened to the wisdom of Lincolns statesmanship as he came to see the depth of Lincolns commitment to the anti-slavery cause. III, p. 420; Douglass, Womens Rights Are Not Inconsistent with Negro Rights, November 19, 1868, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Although the election meant that a new order of eventsis now fairly opening upon the country, he reserved judgment as to just how significant a change was in prospect. Kimberly has taught Reading/Language Arts to intermediate and middle school students and holds a Master's Degree. Soon thereafter, Frederick Douglass uses some smart tactics to resume his learning. In paragraph 5, what does Douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his How many masters did Frederick Douglass have? (b) Up to that point, what evidence has he presented to support his claim? How do you think that refuting a misconception strengthened your presentation? Curiosity may have killed the cat, but it will help you be a good interviewer. In an argument, your, 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access,' would need to be beefed up a little, to, 'My current cell phone doesn't provide Internet access, which is necessary for me to complete all my homework.' Nevertheless, his speech does make an argument. succeed. The first of his positive reversals occurred as he was sent to serve as a house slave in Baltimore, where, aided by his kindly slavemistress Sophia Auld, he learned the rudiments of literacy. ALL Shopping Rod. Not transient and fitful effort, but patient, enduring, honest, unremitting, and indefatigable work, into which the whole heart is put. Much of the distinctive greatness of this nation, he continues, is due to its hospitality to just this sort of virtue. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? -the struggle for freedom changes through history by always separating one race from the other, and calling one superior Post author: Post published: junho 10, 2022 Post category: comcast central division leadership Post comments: semi pro football tulsa semi pro football tulsa Concluding his July Fourth oration in 1852, he reassured his audience, I do not despair of this country. What counterclaim does Douglass address in his dpeech in From - Answers 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Masterplots II: African American Literature Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Context (Masterplots II: African American Literature), Critical Context (Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction), Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself, Frederick Douglass. 29 plumtrees road newtown, ct; popular subdivision names; how to cite the implicit association test Are there predictions to be made about future developments of this issue? [56] To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. We utterly repudiate all invidious distinctions, whether in our favor or against us, and ask only for a fair field and no favor.[49]. The first of those, described above, was the most flagrantly pro-slavery legislation in U.S. history. It is difficult to challenge the accuracy of the first hand account offered. His fair-play principle required, first and foremost, the cessation of various practices in the post-Reconstruction South that were designed to frustrate blacks efforts to acquire property for themselves. Measuring him by the sentiment of his country, a sentiment he was bound as a statesman to consult, he was swift, zealous, radical, and determined. Evidence tells your reader how your claim is proved. Copyright 2009-2023 Pennington Publishing. 2 - Evidence. Frederick Douglass In an essay or speech that presents an argument, the author often addresses counterclaims, or arguments made by opponents. When you're preparing an argument, make sure to note where you got your evidence. -object: expresses one's disapproval, -consist of a noun and all of its modifiers, -consist of A made for and all of it helping, or auxiliary, verbs. 364366. IV, pp. to this land, when it strips five millions of its people of all motives for cultivating an upright character.[36]. 9 chapters | He analyzes the story of his wifes cousins death to provide a symbol of outrage due to the unfairness of the murderers freedom. I was nothing before, he wrote in his autobiography, reflecting on the episode. On one side, he rejected as plainly blasphemous the radical positivism expressed in the eminent Senator Henry Clays assertion that what the law makes property, is property.[42] At the other extreme, he judged it arrant nonsense to conflate the causes of abolitionism and socialism, as some abolitionists did in the belief that they could eradicate the desire for property in another human being only by eradicating the desire for private property of any kind. Frederick Douglasss account on slavery could be seen as biased as a result of first hand experiences with being held as a slave. V, p. 78. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - fater24.com He talks about how grateful he is that america is young because it has time to create its own path without a past to hold it down. The voting right was, for Douglass, the keystone of the arch of human liberty, as it was the primary, indispensable means of guarding every other right. Note that every step of the argument is supported by credible evidence. Introduction (1 paragraph that contains the claim), Body Paragraphs (3 paragraphs that contain the reasons, evidence, and counterclaims), Conclusion (sums up the entire argument and provides a look to the future), Describe the four main parts of an argument, Explain why it is important to develop each of these parts in an argument. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Douglasss new office as editor broadened his education as an abolitionist, and over the next few years, his differences with his erstwhile mentors grew more pronounced. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 The rise of this abolitionist agitation would alarm slaveholders, who would respond by attempting to suppress abolitionist speech and to strengthen and perpetuate their political power by expanding slaverys presence in federal territories, thus preparing the admission of additional slave states. The power of education was also a key argument in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, but it was not an argument with a consistent meaning. Second, it indicates Douglasss reluctance to support more radical measures such as the plan for confiscation proposed in 1867 by Pennsylvania Congressman Thaddeus Stevens, leader of the Radical Republicans in the House of Representatives. Frederick Douglass pure story telling in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass directly goes against any argument for slavery from Fitzhugh, by revealing the harshness of the institution of slavery and the individuals behind it. IV, p. 420. In a short manuscript written sometime in or near 1869, he formulated in rough outline a land-reform proposal, according to which the federal government would correct for southern landowners collusion by becoming itself a purchaser and seller of lands. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Latest answer posted March 08, 2021 at 10:42:24 AM. Here is where the author has a bit of discretion over how to organize their essay. the debate over slavery? His embrace of the arguments of the rival political abolitionist school freed him to involve himself in politics, and his increasing political activism through the 1850s and into the Civil War years eventually brought him face to face with President Abraham Lincolnfirst in the role of harshly critical petitioner and later, after the Emancipation Proclamation and the deepening of their acquaintance, as Lincolns valued adviser and friend. There is a power in numbers, wealth and intelligence, which can never be despised nor defied. [50] Self-reliant virtue was indispensable to the cause of national integration, just as it was an essential condition of the securing of rights. After giving your reason, if your mom is anything like mine, she'll probably say, 'So?' Everybody has asked the question, he complained in early 1865, and they learned to ask it early of the abolitionists, What shall we do with the negro after emancipation? Most urgently, he taught them to reject the spirit of alienation, which he saw as the greatest danger to any peoples liberation and elevation. The Declarations affirmation, as self-evident truths, of the principles that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is now commonly read as a declaration only of the rights of propertied white males. : Rowman & Littlefield, 2001), chapter 1. He returned also a more confident and independent thinker, and in late 1847, against Garrisons advice, he launched his own newspaper, originally titled The North Star. parentheses that agrees with the subject. Dont pick a straw man. In other words, dont pick a weak opposing argument that is too easy to refute. V, pp. It's how the detective is able to put the criminal in jail. (a) In one sentence, state Douglass's argument, -abolsih slavery in the eyes of God/our country. Identify the parts of an argumentative essay. A counterclaim is the opposite of the argument, or the opposing argument. [37] Ibid., pp. Slavery was an embarrassing time in Americas history. It must be acknowledged that most of the Founders, with notable exceptions, were not racial integrationists; yet despite their particular doubts, racial integration is a legitimate inference from their principles, as Douglass forcefully argued. In August 1845, two months after his book was published, Douglass fled to Great Britain, where his speeches won him international fame. If you've ever said this or something like it, you've made a claim. Frederick Douglass went on to write books and give speeches in hope that one day all slaves would be free. From that moment on, Frederick Bailey was resolved to escape slaveryor die trying. They were great men too. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? If I told my mom that bit about the Internet access and the Honor Roll, you can bet she would make me prove it by showing it to her. The main parts of an argument are: An error occurred trying to load this video. Douglass saw slavery as a, It is at this time that Frederick Douglass learns one of the greatest freedoms of all. With the election of the first Republican President in 1860, Douglasss hopeful predictions would soon be vindicated, but this was not what he initially expected of an Abraham Lincoln Administration. 117118. Douglasss postwar arguments were consistent with this position. The thesis provides the main argument for the essay as well as an outline for the rest of the essay. In your argument for a new cell phone, your mom stands on the other side. "The demographics of the death row population show a racial bias as well. [20] Douglass, Speech on the Dred Scott Decision, in Life and Writings, Vol. Under its influence, the tender heart became stone, and the lamblike disposition gave way to one of tigerlike fierceness" (page 28). [19] Douglass, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? in Douglass Papers, Vol. Douglasss suggestions in these remarks about the proper way to conceive of reparation for slavery nicely encapsulate his political thought in the postwar period and indeed throughout his entire career. How does learning to read and write change Douglas, as he outlines in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave? Abigail_Lane_-_Argumentative_Structure-Frederick_Douglass In Ch. Slavery was established by religious law. A good conclusion for an argumentative essay should address at least one of the following: What implications does the argument have for various stakeholders? Soon enough after AfricanAmericans gained the vote, Douglass believed, the interests of white politicians and voters would overcome their prejudices; blacks would be courted by the leaders of all parties, and their rights and interests would be recognized in law and policy.[41]. Frederick Douglass Project: Claims of Our Common Cause | RBSCP A counterclaim is an argument that argues in opposition to the author's claim. That Douglass sympathized, for a period in his youth, with anti-America radicalism is hardly surprising. For Douglass especially, the stakes of that contest were matters of concrete urgency as well as of larger national destiny. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? III, p. 274. It opened my eyes to the horrible pit, but to no ladder upon which to get out (47). This seemingly contrarian hopefulness was no mere exercise in morale-boosting. James M. Washington (New York: HarperCollins, 1986), pp. But the final, unimpeachable confirmation of Lincolns anti-slavery commitment came for Douglass in August 1864, when the President, fearing that a demoralized electorate would soon force a premature end to the war, summoned Douglass to the White House to discuss a covert scheme for liberating as many as possible in the meantime. [26] Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies, pp. When Hugh Auld, Sophias husband, promptly forbade further instruction for the reason that literacy would forever unfit the boy for slavery, young Frederick gained a revelatory insight into the evil design of slavery and the sure path to liberation. It is very difficult to see how the forward- and upward-looking labor required to achieve the ends of justice for all and black elevation in America is to be sustained amid a spreading sentiment of alienation from America. Who is Frederick Douglass' intended audience in his autobiography, the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass? In the detective show, evidence is usually physical - like DNA or fingerprints. Criticizethe reasoning of the counterclaimas being flawed, illogical, or biased. 380382. Over one hundred years after Frederick Douglasss death, this teaching has lost none of its essential vitality. [49] Douglass, The Color Question, July 5, 1875, in Douglass Papers, Vol. "What is Frederick Douglass's overall claim in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass? V, p. 624. How did Douglas remove his residual doubts about his fear of water? Fair play meant at minimum that the nation must reject the alternatives of (1) re-enslavement, this time of the entire black American population; (2) colonization or expatriation; (3) persisting subordination of blacks as a degraded caste; and (4) outright extermination. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Douglass never tired of quoting the lines of Byron to this effect: Who would be free, themselves must strike the blow. To the end, he held strongly to the principle that he stressed in an 1855 editorial: our elevation as a race, is almost wholly dependent upon our own exertions.[55]. Through his knowledge, he learns more about his situation and potential. On the other hand it will be found to contain principles and purposes, entirely hostile to the existence of slavery.[16], Building on the ingenious arguments of the 19th-century legal theorist Lysander Spooner, Douglass argued that the passages in the Constitutions text that admit of some ambiguity, such as the clauses commonly held to concern slavery, must be interpreted in light of the larger ends or objects of the Constitution as set forth in the Preamble. work!!! He talks of the ways in which black men and women struggle to hold their families together, and the importance of music as a way to express deep sadness. ete the task. Evidence provides factual proof for the reasons in an argument and can consist of facts, data, statistics, published study results, and quoted experts. And it is no less difficult to see how the propagation of the opinion that the American Founders ostensibly universal principles and ostensibly free institutions were meant to secure the oppression of people of color could fail to spread and to deepen that demoralizing sentiment. . The louder she screamed, the harder he whippedI was quite a child, but I well remember it. All rights reserved. Create your account. What counterclaim does Douglass address in his dpeech in From what to the slave is the 4th of July? In that position, Douglasss fame grew rapidly, and with it came controversy and heightened personal danger. In his heart of hearts, Douglass would later reflect, Lincoln loathed and hated slavery.[25] The foundation of this deepened appreciation was of course Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation, promised in September 1862 and delivered the following January. Counterclaims are arguments of the opposing side which the author will address. He in a sense manipulates the children around him into teaching him how to read and write. Evaluating an Argument Guidelines & Examples | What is an Argument? Use the present tense of the verb. [8] The boy who became Frederick Douglass was born, enslaved, on Marylands Eastern Shore in February 1818 and given the improbably dignified name Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey. To the contrary, among such commentators there appears to be a growing consensus that, despite its important victories, the civil rights movement must be judged as on the whole a failure. They were statesmen, patriots and heroes. In his discerning view, however, the main source of their greatnessthe virtue that enabled them to be more than revolutionaries, the Founders of a great republicinhered not in their bravery but in their dedication to the eternal principles, the saving principles, set forth in the unique revolutionary document they dared to sign. It is particularly important also to pay renewed attention to the most thoughtful apostles of the integrationist faith among the major figures of the AfricanAmerican protest tradition. Frederick Douglass's America: Race, Justice, and the Promise of the
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