New York: Routledge. The electoral advantage of the incumbents presents a stumbling block on the advancement of new groups into the institution. Equality of opportunity. Use descriptive statistics to summarize and graph the data for a group that you choose. For example, raw numbers may show that people are more prone to a specific behavior, but an interview will explain why this behavior is occurring. At the heart of freedom: Feminism, sex & equality. Habermas, J. Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. Does the representative look like, have common interests with, or share certain experiences with the represented? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The research can utilize methods such as surveys, observation, field experiments, interviews and number analysis. In the face of the modern impatience with pages (or even paragraphs) of descriptive narrative, its easy for writers to overreact and decide to avoid description altogether. Difference between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics Pros and Cons List Template | Miro Descriptive representation is a way of thinking about representation in which it is thought to be important that representatives have the same racial, gender, ethnic, religious, or educational backgrounds as their constituents. Should representatives be typical of their constituents? By making the decision-making process more . It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. $\endgroup . It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. PR potentially offers greater and more-representative choice for voters. The closest comparative system would be the representative republic, such as used in the United States. (2012). Princeton: Princeton University Press. ), States of democracy: Gender and politics in Europe. Cons. We would say that a black constituent is descriptively represented when she has a black member of Congress, regardless of whether that member of Congress . Ethics, 91, 431450. A., & Marmor, T. R. (1981). Comparative state feminism. In Y. Galligan (Ed. Clem Morfuni Companies House, 914, Excellenica, Lodha Supremus-2, It could be argued that PR delivers fairer treatment of minority parties and independent candidates. "Share icon", Quan Do, The Noun Project. One of the critical factors in understanding why a few blocks are preferable at controlling wrongdoing over others needs to do with open communities connections among individuals in the area. However, in substantive representation, it is not necessary for the representative to have a similar background or shared characteristics with the people he represents. In the achievement of this endeavour, first, I have examined the legislative initiatives of the NP in the period January 2012 - June . Click the account icon in the top right to: Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 21(2). Institutionalizing intersectionality. In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. Bicameral legislature emanates from the concept of representative democracy. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Movies represent cultural values and Disney's legacy of mostly white princesses depicts our racist society. Compare the gains and losses of a proposal in the decision-making process. West European Politics, 36(3), 447473. Williams, M. S. (1998). Your email address will not be published. Aldershot: Ashgate. The more people feel less repressed by the authority the more they feel like they can speak and actual have their voices heard. It is based on the belief that constituents are more effectively represented by legislators who are similar to them in key demographic characteristics as gender, ethnicity, or religion. Women and Public Policy Program | Harvard Kennedy School Hernes, H., & Skjeie, H. (1997). 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Descriptive research is a process of systematically describing and analyzing something's features, properties or characteristics. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. Acceptability: Such a report is acceptable to busy persons because it easily highlights the theme of the report. Goodin, R. 2004. There are, however, practical limitations to including different groups and subgroups in legislatures. The expansion of minority and female representation still continues at a slow pace. 7. Companies can collect data first-hand based on stats and unbiased information. 1. Advantage. Descriptive research has advantages and disadvantages with researchers accounting for positive and negative variables. Peter, F. (2011). Second, this same information reveals to us when somebody is strange, or something improper is going on. The results show that descriptive representation contributes to substantive representation, even if the costs of participating outweigh the electoral benefits. Lafont, C. (2006). Copyright 2020 Chemtech Speciality India Pvt. Letters can be written to their representatives. Experimental research offers the highest levels of control. Namely, the institutional design of the state legislature matters in terms of electoral responsiveness, with Florida and New Mexico the most responsive, and New York and the U.S. House the least responsive to the election of Latino legislators. Representation is crucial for democracy: good representation helps to increase re-sponsiveness, foster electoral turnout, increase political interest and include minori-ties. The mission of the fellowship is to support and advance academic and practitioner-scholars in their gender-related research. Furthermore, women in the profession of politics often express a lack of interest in running for office and they are often subjected to the effect of career ceilings. License Terms: Download for free at http://cnx.org/contents/9e28f580-0d1b-4d72-8795-c48329947ac2@1. On the other hand, there are some disadvantages of descriptive research. Youve probably heard readers make that comment. Since feedback is a necessary component of first-class customer service and workforce optimization . (Eds.). doughty funeral home exmore, virginia obituaries, Woocommerce Remove Product Attribute Programmatically, radisson blu resort residences punta cana, largest man made lake in the world by surface area, is rosemary oil safe for color treated hair, tarrant county democratic party precinct chairs. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (2005b). https://thenounproject.com/term/share/7671/, CC BY. Source publication Pros, Cons, and Changing Behavior: An. They may sometimes also include analytic work (comparing factors "" see below). Part of Springer Nature. 3. Saarbrcken: VDM Verlag Dr. Mller. This law-making body is generally controlled by the laws and governed by the state constitution. The debate about whether grades help or hinder student learning is as old as the U.S. grading system itself, dating back to the late 1800s. When determining whether or not legislators are representing their constituents interests, scholars using voting studies may overstate the role of strategic factors, such as reelection goals and constituent influence, while understating the effect of descriptive characteristics. Minorities have endured many forms of social injustices. Though as they showed that areas with high crime rates were high regardless of ethnic group. Would perfect mobility be perfect? This photo shows the founding members of the Congressional Black Caucus, which at the time of its founding in 1971 had only thirteen members. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Comparative Analysis: Information can be compared in terms of graphical representation. Advantages of Descriptive Research. Descriptive statistics for the importance of the pros and cons, knowledge, and the percent of time participants used KICs. Descriptive Representation - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Explaining Preferences about Descriptive Representation, When politics is not just a man's game: Women's representation and political engagement, Womens Political Representation: A Review, Partisanship, Structure and Representation: The Puzzle of African American Education Politics, Falling Behind, Keeping Up, or Getting Ahead: Ethnic Candidates and the Competition for non-Western Origin Voters in the West, Levelling the playing field: Monitoring Croatian policies to promote gender equality in politics, Can Deliberative Minipublics Address the Cognitive Challenges of Democratic Citizenship, Parity/Disparity: Electoral Gender Inequality on the Tightrope of Liberal Constitutional Traditions, INTERSECTIONAL PRESENTATIONS: An Exploratory Study of Minority Congresswomen's Websites' Biographies, Ethnocultural Voting? References. It may not be until one is pursing their final years of high school, or perhaps even in college when they are aware of Americas history of possessing a highly restrictive political system. Oxford: Polity Press. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. In addition, the attempts to form race-based alliances have had very little success amongst minority groups as racial similarities are not significant enough to unify different minority groups. Democratic political theory. Predictive analytics determines the potential outcomes of present and past actions and trends. Cornell, D. (1995). Holst, C. (2010). The documentary forces us to, The United States is the most racially diverse nation in the world. Feminism, epistemology and morality. Poli 220 Mid Term II Review Flashcards | Quizlet The maximization use of an executive law-making body is the crucial advantage that representative democracy can offer. Pros. Lovenduski, J. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Phillips, A. Ideally, governmental policies aim to defend citizens of a specific territory by setting laws that promote and implement egalitarianism. The closer assessment of pros and cons will however vary with normative position and more specifically with which conceptions of democracy and equality one subscribes to. In this contribution we distinguish the substantive and the descriptive approach of representation. There are three main types of descriptive methods: observational methods, case-study methods and survey methods. New York: Colombia University Press. (1993). Often times in American history, unselected natural characteristics such as race and ethnicity have served as keen factors permitting unequal treatment of individuals and at creating barriers placing minority groups at a disadvantage when attempting to practice influence over the government. Mellom fag og feminisme: Kvinneforskning i statsvitenskap. Prescriptive and descriptive theorists differ on their approach to instruction. Voice, trust, and memory: Marginalized groups and the failings of liberal representation. The epistemic conception of deliberative democracy defended. See below. Caption. Pros and Cons of Descriptive Research. The collection of data is quick and easy to conduct, especially when doing surveys. Methodological essentialism, false difference, and other dangerous traps. These are part of business analytics, which extract value from your business data. Martin, J. R. (1994). It is always recommended to visit an institution's official website for more information. A software life cycle model is a descriptive representation of the software development cycle. Another argument in favor of descriptive research is that once information is assembled, there are many ways to apply it. The 116th Congress has been the most racially and ethnically diverse in U.S. history, with 56 Black members, 43 Hispanic members, 17 Asian members, and four Native American members. Proportional representation (PR) is an electoral system that tries to create a representative body that better reflects all of the citizens' interests in an electorate or voting district. The politics of presence. Evidence from Romania. Shaw and McKay created common complication hypothesis to explain variety crosswise over neighborhoods. Walby, S. (2011). Goodin (2004) highlights that there is a tension between including members from different groups and subgroups on the one hand, and the practical ability to debate in the legislature thus rob them of the possibility of substantively represent their particular subgroup. There are a few different ways to look at this by taking a look at different minority groups and examining their struggles. What is Descriptive Analysis?- Types and Advantages - Analytics Steps In the end, there is however a set of remaining pro arguments suggesting that descriptive representation produces some exclusive benefits. The question here is what happens to the calculus of descriptive representation under the condition that state feminist machineries are in place and work relatively efficiently. That's pretty straightforward. Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institutions website and Oxford Academic. Growing up, racial profiling was never a big deal to me or my family. On the relationship between gender democracy and gender equality in the EU. Congress is also overwhelmingly Christian. The classic example of this advantage is that critical sample can be useful in determining the value of an investigation, while the expert sampling approach allows for an in-depth analysis of the information that is present. The purpose of descriptive research, aside from describing a certain population or situation, is to know the basic knowledge of a study. An innovative research tool, descriptive research is used by researchers as an opportunity to fuse both quantitative and qualitative data to reconstruct the what is of a topic. The collection of data is quick and easy to conduct, especially when doing surveys. Often, tracking down survey groups that can provide pertinent data costs a significant amount of time and money. This article examines theoretical expectations on the importance of descriptive representation. The extent to which a representative resembles those being represented. Defending equality of outcome. This could mean different agents from the same brokerage or even the same agent represents multiple clients. This allows more people to benefit from the decisions the government makes when compared with other types of ruling structures. Enter your library card number to sign in. It is widely used in Europe and has both advantages and disadvantages. Mutfak Gnlkleri Sibel'in Mutfa Ana Sayfa; Hakkmda; Bana Ulan; descriptive representation pros and cons. Descriptive research is used to gain information about behavior. Mart, J. L. (2006). Representing consumer institutions: The case of American health planning. Register or login to make commenting easier. View your signed in personal account and access account management features. Tannen, D. (1994). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sound Bar vs. Surround Sound - Pros and cons - Descriptive Audio A table lists data in columns. These descriptive representations reflect the laws of nature, the system, or logical constraints for the design of the product. The closer assessment of pros and cons will however vary with normative position and more specifically with which conceptions of democracy and equality one subscribes to. Some of the most important are listed below. Four of those types include tables, bar graphs, line graphs and pie charts. The closer assessment of pros and cons will. (1999). 1. Prescriptivists typically abide by traditional elements that strive to preserve long-lasting grammatical rules, word forms, processes or behaviors even if the rules are outdated. Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation. Affordable. A contingent yes. Perhaps the strongest argument for descriptive research is the fact that it offers well-rounded support for a thesis. suggest descriptive representation leads to substantive representation in Congress. It occurs when two or more parties are represented by the same real estate brokerage. Palgrave Macmillan, London. Nussbaum, M. (1999). However, what good representation should be is debated. Race has been a long-standing and stubborn dividing line in local, state, and national politics in the United States (Rogers 6). Descriptive analysis also involves identifying the position of a single value or its response in relation to others. Patsy Mink (a), a Japanese American from Hawaii, was the first Asian American woman elected to the House of Representatives. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Typically, multiple representation involves the buyer and seller. descriptive representation pros and cons - chemtechspeciality.com
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